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Challenges of human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 89-103 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0182-0

摘要： The purpose of this paper is to delineate the research challenges of human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making. Technological advances in machine intelligence have enabled a growing number of applications in human–machine collaborative decision-making. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve superior performance by fully leveraging human and machine capabilities. In risky decision-making, a human decision-maker is vulnerable to cognitive biases when judging the possible outcomes of a risky event, whereas a machine decision-maker cannot handle new and dynamic contexts with incomplete information well. We first summarize features of risky decision-making and possible biases of human decision-makers therein. Then, we argue the necessity and urgency of advancing human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making. Afterward, we review the literature on human–machine collaboration in a general decision context, from the perspectives of human–machine organization, relationship, and collaboration. Lastly, we propose challenges of enhancing human–machine communication and teamwork in risky decision-making, followed by future research avenues.

关键词： human–machine collaboration risky decision-making human–machine team and interaction task allocation human–machine relationship

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The imperative need to develop guidelines to manage human versus machine intelligence

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 182-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018085

摘要： Machine intelligence is increasingly entering roles that were until recently dominated by human intelligence. As humans now depend upon machines to perform various tasks and operations, there appears to be a risk that humans are losing the necessary skills associated with producing competitively advantageous decisions. Therefore, this research explores the emerging area of human versus machine decision-making. An illustrative engineering case involving a joint machine and human decision-making system is presented to demonstrate how the outcome was not satisfactorily managed for all the parties involved. This is accompanied by a novel framework and research agenda to highlight areas of concern for engineering managers. We offer that the speed at which new human-machine interactions are being encountered by engineering managers suggests that an urgent need exists to develop a robust body of knowledge to provide sound guidance to situations where human and machine decisions conflict. Human-machine systems are becoming pervasive yet this research has revealed that current technological approaches are not adequate. The engineering insights and multi-criteria decision-making tool from this research significantly advance our understanding of this important area.

关键词： human intelligence & machine intelligence HI-MI decision-making artificial intelligence

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relationships: identifying factors using a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1676-2

摘要：

● A novel framework integrating quantile regression with machine learning is proposed.

关键词： Driver-response Upper boundary of relationship Interpretable machine learning Quantile regression Total phosphorus Chlorophyll a

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Overall HIEs deconstruction method and its application

Li LIN, Chengqi XUE,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第4期页码 466-471 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0076-z

摘要： Based on the human interface elements (HIEs) as the emotional carriers, this paper researches the general analysis steps of hierarchical HIEs and puts forward a new systematical deconstruction method for Kansei engineering fields. A mobile phone is taken as the research subject, the emotional design rules are inferred based on the multiple-orientation information of human interfaces, and the emotional change law is grasped from a new perspective. The research on the deconstruction method promotes the study of Kansei engineering and is a significant guide and reference for the theory and practice of related product design fields.

关键词： product design relationship model human interface design rules emotion

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煤矿智能化重构人与煤空间关系研究

范京道,金智新,王国法,李川,刘渭,闫振国

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 243-253 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.014

摘要：

人与煤的空间关系是煤炭安全高效生产的重要因素，研究煤矿智能化技术对于人与煤空间秩序的重构过程将为煤炭行业高质量发展提供核心技术支撑。本文系统论述了人与煤空间关系的演进历程与研究进展，论证提出了在煤矿工业化生产中利用空间融合可以突破传统二元空间结构制约的观点，据此建立了煤矿智能化人 ‒ 物理 ‒ 信息（HPC）空间之间虚实互动的三元空间形态；进一步阐述了煤矿智能化可改变煤矿生产要素的物理空间位置和生产相对运动状态，将重构新生产力三要素、一体化的智能生产管理模式、矿工的社会价值发展空间，从而支持构建万物互联的煤矿生产工业场景并实现人由煤中向人在煤外的重大转变；剖析了智能化采煤、智能化建井案例，揭示了煤矿智能化建设对于变革人与煤空间关系的实践价值。研究建议，以煤矿智能化HPC空间理论为基础，以人的解放及全面发展为核心目标，建立新一代技术与现代煤矿相融合的发展模式，以安全高效、智能绿色发展推动煤炭行业整体升级。

关键词：煤矿智能化；空间关系；HPC空间；虚实融合；生产力要素

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人工智能与统计分析 Perspective

Bin YU, Karl KUMBIER

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第1期页码 6-9 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700813

摘要：人工智能（artificial intelligence, AI）本质上是由数据驱动的。在其通过人机协作完成数据生成、算法开发与结果评估的任务中，需要应用许多统计概念。本文讨论了如何通过数据产生、兴趣问题探究、训练数据代表性和对结果审视等环节（Population, Question of interest, Representativeness of training data, Scrutiny of results, PQRS）来解决人机协作的问题。PQRS的工作流程为融合统计分析的思想与人类输入提供了一个概念框架。这些统计分析的思想包括通过随机化、局部控制以及稳定性的原则来获得算法和结果的可重复性与可解释性。我们讨论了这些原则在自动驾驶、自动医疗以及作者其他合作研究中的应用。

关键词：人工智能；统计；人机协作

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基于人体髋关节转动中心分析的髋关节外骨骼仿生设计 Article

Wei YANG,Can-jun YANG,Ting XU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第8期页码 792-802 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500286

摘要：为了改善外骨骼穿戴舒适性，本文提出了一种基于人机物理交互优化的外骨骼设计方法。该方法通过设计外骨骼髋关节，使其保证人体髋关节运动时外骨骼髋关节转动中心能跟随人体髋关节转动中心的运动轨迹。当人体髋关节运动时，通过实验测量和计算可以得到其转动中心轨迹。本文设计的外骨骼髋关节运动机构能在人体髋关节屈曲/伸展和外展/内收时，保证转动中心都能够包容人体髋关节转动中心运动范围。同时，所设计的外骨骼髋关节被应用到下肢步行康复训练外骨骼中。通过人机接触力实验可知，与传统设计外骨骼髋关节进行相比，本文设计的仿生髋关节外骨骼在髋关节屈曲/伸展和内收/外展时分别可以减小24.1%和76.0%的人机接触力。这一结果证明仿生设计髋关节外骨骼更具穿戴舒适性，更符合人机工程学的设计要求。最后，本文通过建立人机闭式链模型进一步分析了仿生设计对于人体髋关节内力的影响，并验证该设计能减少关节内力作用。

关键词：髋关节外骨骼；髋关节中心；柔顺关节；人机交互力

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人机互信的知识自动化与混合增强智能：复杂系统认知管控机制及其应用 Research Article

王飞跃1,郭剑波2,卜广全3,张俊4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1142-1157 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100418

摘要：本文旨在阐述复杂系统认知、管理和控制中人机互信的混合增强智能和知识自动化机制与应用。本文从复杂系统研究的发展历程出发，通过对复杂系统的特性、人工智能科技、人机混合增强智能科技及其在复杂系统管控中的必要性阐述，分析了人类智能、机器智能在复杂系统管控中的优势与局限性，并提出“人机互信知识自动化”的概念。以电力系统大电网调控为背景，阐述了未来人机混合智能在大电网调度中可能的技术路径和应用基础，并以潮流校正控制为例，说明人机知识自动化任务流程的完成过程。通过本文内容的阐述，希望对基于人机混合增强智能的复杂系统管理和控制的理论方法提供一种新的机制和应用路径，并对社会典型复杂系统管控的数字化、智能化建设起到积极作用。

关键词：复杂系统；人机知识自动化；平行系统；大电网调度；人工智能；智联网

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Influence of freeze–thaw damage gradient on stress–strain relationship of stressed concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1326-1340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0014-x

摘要： Influence of freeze–thaw damage gradient on stress–strain relationship of stressed concrete

关键词： strain relationship concrete

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人工智能走向2.0

潘云鹤

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第4期页码 409-413 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.018

摘要：

随着互联网的普及、传感网的渗透、大数据的涌现、信息社区的崛起，以及数据和信息在人类社会、物理空间和信息空间之间的交叉融合与相互作用，当今人工智能(AI) 发展所处信息环境和数据基础已经发生了深刻变化，人工智能的目标和理念正面临重要调整，人工智能的科学基础和实现载体也面临新的突破，人工智能正进入一个新的阶段。这个源于传统而又与之不同的人工智能新阶段被称为人工智能2.0(AI 2.0)。本文从人工智能60 年的发展历史出发，通过分析促成人工智能2.0形成的外部环境与目标的转变，分析技术萌芽，提出了人工智能2.0 的核心理念，并结合中国发展的社会需求与信息环境特色，给出了发展人工智能2.0 的建议。

关键词：人工智能2.0 大数据群体智能跨媒体人机混合智能无人智能系统

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Mesh relationship modeling and dynamic characteristic analysis of external spur gears with gear wear

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第1期页码 9-9 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0665-z

摘要： Gear wear is one of the most common gear failures, which changes the mesh relationship of normal gear. A new mesh relationship caused by gear wear affects meshing excitations, such as mesh stiffness and transmission error, and further increases vibration and noise level. This paper aims to establish the model of mesh relationship and reveal the vibration characteristics of external spur gears with gear wear. A geometric model for a new mesh relationship with gear wear is proposed, which is utilized to evaluate the influence of gear wear on mesh stiffness and unloaded static transmission error (USTE). Based on the mesh stiffness and USTE considering gear wear, a gear dynamic model is established, and the vibration characteristics of gear wear are numerically studied. Comparison with the experimental results verifies the proposed dynamic model based on the new mesh relationship. The numerical and experimental results indicate that gear wear does not change the structure of the spectrum, but it alters the amplitude of the meshing frequencies and their sidebands. Several condition indicators, such as root-mean-square, kurtosis, and first-order meshing frequency amplitude, can be regarded as important bases for judging gear wear state.

关键词： gear wear mesh relationship mesh stiffness transmission error vibration characteristics

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人非机器——面向超灵活智能制造的以人为本的人机共生

陆玉前, Juvenal Sastre Adrados, Saahil Shivneel Chand, 王力翚

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第6期页码 734-737 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.018

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人机混合增强智能：研究与应用 Editorial

薛建儒1,胡斌2,李灵犀3,张军平4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1139-1141 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2250000

摘要： Current research on artificial intelligence (AI) has been entering a new era, with AI technologies and AI-enabled applications emerging in almost every aspect of human life. Meanwhile, avoiding the risk caused by limitations of AI technologies has become a grand challenge. The main idea of human-machine augmented intelligence (HAI) is to adopt the role of humans or to embed human-like cognitive abilities into intelligent machines. Increasing attention and efforts from academia, industry, and governments are attracted by the HAI idea, whose effects are far-reaching. Two fundamental formulations of HAI include human-in-the-loop HAI (HITL-HAI) and cognitive computing based HAI (CC-HAI), which have become hot and fundamental frontiers of AI, and an increasing amount of original research has emerged in recent years. Recent existing research activities on HITL-HAI include theories for human-machine collaboration, human-brain interfaces, human-machine coordination and teaming, and advanced perception and smart environments for human-machine collaboration. In particular, HITL-HAI has been widely used in interactive simulation models in aviation, driving, and robotics. In such simulations, humans play an important role because they influence the simulated environment with their own actions. Brain-computer interfaces have become increasingly important among communication channels for human-machine collaboration. CC-HAI aims to develop computational models to mimic the mechanism or function of the human brain and improve a machine’s capabilities of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. We have witnessed an increasing amount of research work on casual models, intuitive reasoning models, and associative memories that are proposed with the forms of deep neural networks.

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Mapping the structure-activity relationship of

Worawan PANPIPAT, Hasene KESKIN, Zheng GUO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 105-113 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1502-x

摘要： The phase behavior of twelve synthesized -sitosteryl fatty acid esters with acyl moieties with different chain lengths (C2:0-C18:0) and different degrees of unsaturation (C18:1-C18:3) were investigated in pure and mixed Langmuir monolayers with phospholipids. The surface-pressure isotherms showed that short chain -sitosteryl fatty acid esters gave smaller mean molecular areas and had decreased monolayer stability and the long chain steryl esters did not produce collapsed plateaus. All the steryl esters displayed strong condensing effects, but there was a pronounced structural dependency: medium chain esters (C8 and C10) were less efficient than short and long chain esters. Atomic force microscopy imaging demonstrated that monolayers mixed with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) displayed both DPPC-rich and steryl lipid-rich domains. However, the height and area differences between the two phases and the roughness and morphologic patterns were very dependent on the steryl lipid concentrations as well as the length, the degree of unsaturation and the molecular conformations of the acyl segments. These findings not only provide a better understanding of the interactions between phytosteryl hydrophobic derivatives and biomembranes, but also may be of general use for the design and engineering of phytosterol structural derivations for specific food and pharmaceutical applications.

关键词： β-sitosteryl fatty acid esters dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine Langmuir monolayer condensing effect structure-activity relationship